Sandp sustainability index - The Country Sustainability Ranking analyzes 150 countries spanning emerging and developed economies and is updated semi-annually. Insights from assessments and rankings are incorporated into the investment process for Robeco’s Government Bond Strategies and are also used to determine country weights in the S&P ESG Sovereign Bond Index Family.

 
S&P Dow Jones Indices produces a series of indices that seek to track the municipal bond market: the S&P AMT-Free Municipal Series Indices (see Exhibit 4). These indices were designed to reflect the characteristics of a diversified group of bonds that are all high quality, fixed rate, non-callable, and tax exempt.. Houses for rent dollar300 near me

S&P Dow Jones Indices announced the results of its annual rebalancing and reconstitution assessments of its preeminent Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI). The DJSI are a series of indices designed to allow the creation of portfolios that integrate sustainability considerations by tracking the performance of the world’s leading companies in terms of environmental, social and […]Benchmark index family for tracking green, social and sustainability bonds. The iBoxx ® Global Green, Social & Sustainability Bonds Index is designed to reflect the performance of global Green, Social and Sustainability investment grade and high yield sovereign, sub-sovereign and corporate bonds denominated in EUR, USD, GBP and CAD, whilst upholding minimum standards of investability and ...Feb 7, 2023 · S&P Global Ratings' second party opinions and company sustainability assessments, and its related sustainability research, insight, and analysis, are for companies looking to help their investors gain a better understanding of their strategy, purpose, and management quality. S&P Dow Jones Indices: S&P Sustainability Screened Indices Methodology 4 Eligibility Criteria Index Universe Each index is constructed from constituents of the underlying index. S&P ESG Screened Index Underlying Index S&P 500 Sustainability Screened Index S&P 500 S&P MidCap 400 Sustainability Screened Index S&P MidCap 400 The ESG risk of Schwab® S&P 500 Index Fund's holdings is comparable to its peers in the US Equity Large Cap Blend category, thus earning an average Morningstar Sustainability Rating of 3 globes ...S&P Global is committed to providing transparency to the market through high-quality independent opinions on sustainability. Safeguarding the quality, independence and integrity of S&P Global’s ESG Scores, including by identifying and managing potential conflicts of interest, is embedded in its culture and at the core of everything S&P Global ...The term sustainability is derived from the Latin word sustinere. "To sustain" can mean to maintain, support, uphold, or endure. [27] [28] So sustainability is the ability to continue over a long period of time. In the past, sustainability referred to environmental sustainability. S&P Global is committed to providing transparency to the market through high-quality independent opinions on sustainability. Safeguarding the quality, independence and integrity of S&P Global’s ESG Scores, including by identifying and managing potential conflicts of interest, is embedded in its culture and at the core of everything S&P Global ...Welcome to the 2023 edition of S&P Global’s Sustainability Yearbook. Here you’ll find the world’s leading companies based on their sustainable business practices. The rigor of our Corporate Sustainability Assessment, or CSA, is what makes identifying these companies possible. Over the past 24 years the CSA has grown into a leading ...The S&P 500 ESG Index is a broad-based, market-cap-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of securities meeting sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as the S&P 500. Documents Factsheet Methodology Additional Info Index Classification ESG Core ESG S&P ESG News & Announcements SEE ALLKey takeaways from G&A’s research include: 81% of Russell 1000 companies published a sustainability report in 2021, an impressive increase from 70% in 2020. The smallest half by market cap of ...Home to the S&P 500® and Dow Jones Industrial Average®, S&P Dow Jones Indices is the world’s leading resource for benchmarks and investable indices.INTRODUCTION. The year 1999 gave the world the euro, The Matrix, and the world’s first ever global sustainability benchmark—the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). The product of a landmark collaboration between S&P Dow Jones Indices and SAM (now RobecoSAM), the DJSI pioneered sustainable indexing and has shaped corporate sustainability ...The 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) provides a data-driven summary of the state of sustainability around the world. Using 40 performance indicators across 11 issue categories, the EPI ranks 180 countries on climate change performance, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality. These indicators provide a gauge at a national scale ... 1999. The first Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) is sent to 2,000 companies. It is paper-based and all materials and evidence are returned as hard copies. Dow Jones Indexes (now S&P Dow Jones Indices) & SAM jointly launch the world’s first ever global sustainability benchmark, the DJSI World. The first ever DJSI World Index has 228 ...The S&P 500 booted electric vehicle maker Tesla from its ESG Index as part of an annual update to the list. Meanwhile, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon and even oil and gas multinational Exxon Mobil were ...For the entire Russell 1000 Index, our research found that 70% of the Russell 1000 companies published a sustainability report in 2020, up from 65% in 2019. The number of reporters in the smallest half by market cap of the Russell 1000 index rose to 49% in 2020 from 39% in 2019, showing that corporate sustainability reporting is increasingly ...In the just-completed 2020 research, examining 2019 reporting activities, G&A determined that 90% -- 9-of-10 companies in the S&P 500 were publishing a sustainability report. The 2020 research ...Corinne and Mike delve into the five of the hottest ESG-related topics set to permeate 2021, sourced from S&P Global Ratings' sustainable finance team around the globe. As the pandemic persists, questions about equitable vaccine distribution continue to highlight the social divide and show that the fight for equality is far from over.the S&P ESG Index Series. Each year, S&P Global conducts the Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA), an ESG analysis of over 11,000 companies. The CSA has produced one of the world’s most comprehensive databases of financially material sustainability information and serves as the basis for the scores that govern S&P DJI’s ESG indices.Unlike other indices, the AIChE Sustainability Index benchmarks well-defined performance metrics and indicators, including EH&S performance, innovation, and societal measures. The metrics are based on over 30 sources of public data and allow companies to measure their efforts at the company and sector level.Margaret Dorn Senior Director, Head of ESG Indices, North America S&P Dow Jones Indices Introducing the S&P Sustainability Screened Index Series: A Mainstream Approach to Sustainable Investing As a pioneer in the index space, S&P DJI has long understood the necessity for evolving indices to address the changing needs of the investor.The S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA) is an annual evaluation of companies’ sustainability practices. It covers over 10,000 companies from around the world. The CSA focuses on sustainability criteria that are both industry-specific and financially material and has been doing so since 1999. DOWNLOAD CSA FACTSHEET CSA ... Jul 16, 2020 · In the just-completed 2020 research, examining 2019 reporting activities, G&A determined that 90% -- 9-of-10 companies in the S&P 500 were publishing a sustainability report. The 2020 research ... INTRODUCTION. The year 1999 gave the world the euro, The Matrix, and the world’s first ever global sustainability benchmark—the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). The product of a landmark collaboration between S&P Dow Jones Indices and SAM (now RobecoSAM), the DJSI pioneered sustainable indexing and has shaped corporate sustainability ...The S&P 500 ESG Index is a broad-based, market-cap-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of securities meeting sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as the S&P 500. Documents Factsheet Methodology Additional Info Index Classification ESG Core ESG S&P ESG News & Announcements SEE ALLS&P 500 Environmental & Socially Responsible Index. The index Launch Date is May 11, 2015. All information for an index prior to its Launch Date is hypothetical back-tested, not actual performance, based on the index methodology in effect on the Launch Date. See More. ETFs tracking the S&P 500 Sustainability Screened Index are presented in the following table. Symbol. ETF Name. Asset Class. Total Assets*. YTD. Avg Volume. Previous Closing Price.Welcome to the 2023 edition of S&P Global’s Sustainability Yearbook. Here you’ll find the world’s leading companies based on their sustainable business practices. The rigor of our Corporate Sustainability Assessment, or CSA, is what makes identifying these companies possible. Over the past 24 years the CSA has grown into a leading ...บทความฉบับนี้ขอยกตัวอย่าง Sustainability Index ในต่างประเทศ โดยแยกเป็น 2 กลุ่ม คือ กลุ่มที่ 1 ผู้จัดทำาดัชนีชั้นนำา (Index Provider)จำานวน 4 แห่ง ...Bloomberg Ticker : SPXESUP. The S&P 500 ESG Index is a broad-based, market-cap-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of securities meeting sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as the S&P 500. Find an ESG score. S&P Global ESG Scores use an advanced scoring methodology to provide an annual evaluation of environmental, social and governance practices. * S&P Global Sustainable1 is removing ESG scores for all Russian companies on its public and product platforms. S&P Global Sustainable1 continues to review its position on this coverage ... May 18, 2022. Elon Musk called a prominent index of socially responsible companies a “scam” on Wednesday after it dropped Tesla because of the way the carmaker handled accusations of racial ...Bloomberg Ticker : SPXESUP. The S&P 500 ESG Index is a broad-based, market-cap-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of securities meeting sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as the S&P 500. Core ESG. Our core ESG indices include best-in-class indices such as the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), which target the top 10% of ESG performers, as well as broader market indices such as the S&P 500 ESG Index, which target the top 75% of the float market capitalization of each GICS ® industry group within their parent indices by S ...INTRODUCTION. The year 1999 gave the world the euro, The Matrix, and the world’s first ever global sustainability benchmark—the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). The product of a landmark collaboration between S&P Dow Jones Indices and SAM (now RobecoSAM), the DJSI pioneered sustainable indexing and has shaped corporate sustainability ...How a sustainability index can keep Exxon but drop Tesla – and 3 ways to fix ESG ratings to meet investors’ expectations Published: May 24, 2022 2.58pm EDT • Updated: May 25, 2022 10.51pm ...The index family is based on S&P DJI ESG Scores, based on the results of the annual S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). The index family includes broad market indices like the S&P 500 ESG, S&P Europe 350 ESG, S&P Global 1200 ESG, and S&P Japan 500 ESG, designed to closely track their parent indices with similar risk and return ... S&P ESG. The S&P ESG indices are broad-based, market-cap-weighted indices designed to measure the performance of securities meeting sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as their underlying benchmark. Overview Indices Index-Linked Products. The nation is the third-largest consumer of energy globally, according to data from S&P Global Commodity Insights. Total primary energy demand more than doubled from 2000 to 2020, surging to 937 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) from 417 Mtoe. Still, India’s energy consumption per capita is less than 1/10th of the US’s.S&P 500 Today: Get all information on the S&P 500 Index including historical chart, news and constituents. Sustainability Indices. Our sustainability indices include broad-market indices such as the S&P 500 ESG Index, targeting the top 75% of the float market capitalization of each GICS ® industry group by S&P DJI ESG Score, best-in-class indices such as the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), which target the top 10% of sustainability performers, and more.The Sustainability Yearbook 2022 considered over 7,500 companies assessed in the 2021 Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). This page provides the ranking of the 700+ companies selected for this year’s Yearbook based on their S&P Global ESG Scores calculated from the CSA. Nov 16, 2022 · Key takeaways from G&A’s research include: 81% of Russell 1000 companies published a sustainability report in 2021, an impressive increase from 70% in 2020. The smallest half by market cap of ... Corinne and Mike delve into the five of the hottest ESG-related topics set to permeate 2021, sourced from S&P Global Ratings' sustainable finance team around the globe. As the pandemic persists, questions about equitable vaccine distribution continue to highlight the social divide and show that the fight for equality is far from over.MSCI ESG Ratings provide an assessment of the long-term resilience of companies to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. Our ESG Industry Materiality Map is a representation of the current Key ESG Issues and their contribution to companies' ESG Ratings. It is part of our ESG Ratings transparency initiatives, through which we have ... Follow the ESG Leaders. The S&P 500® ESG Leaders Index is constructed using securities from the S&P 500 ESG Index that meet stricter sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as the S&P 500.1 The S&P 500 ESG Leaders Index takes its underlying index up a notch by applying additional exclusionary screenings based on business activities such…Corinne and Mike delve into the five of the hottest ESG-related topics set to permeate 2021, sourced from S&P Global Ratings' sustainable finance team around the globe. As the pandemic persists, questions about equitable vaccine distribution continue to highlight the social divide and show that the fight for equality is far from over.Dec 16, 2022 · S&P Global is committed to providing transparency to the market through high-quality independent opinions on sustainability. Safeguarding the quality, independence and integrity of S&P Global’s ESG Scores, including by identifying and managing potential conflicts of interest, is embedded in its culture and at the core of everything S&P Global ... Key findings of G&A’s 2021 Sustainability Reporting in Focus report, focusing on the 2020 publication year, include: 92% of the S&P 500 companies published a sustainability report in 2020, up ...Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI). The CSA has become a reference tool for companies to gauge the financial materiality of their sustainability performance from an investor perspective and to prepare themselves to address upcoming sustainability trends. With 62 industry-specific questionnaires, the CSA leadsMSCI ESG Ratings provide an assessment of the long-term resilience of companies to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. Our ESG Industry Materiality Map is a representation of the current Key ESG Issues and their contribution to companies' ESG Ratings. It is part of our ESG Ratings transparency initiatives, through which we have ...In 2023, S&P Global will invite over 13,000 companies to participate in the CSA. This includes: Companies will be invited in three groups, starting with those eligible for any Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). The list of invited companies will be updated with the other groups in the coming weeks. All companies that participated in the ... Broad Market Index). The S&P Global research universe comprises companies that are part of core S&P Dow Jones Indices benchmarks, companies that are eligible for the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices and other companies that are relevant for or requested by investors. As of March 2022, 2,250+ companies (representing over The index family is based on S&P DJI ESG Scores, based on the results of the annual S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). The index family includes broad market indices like the S&P 500 ESG, S&P Europe 350 ESG, S&P Global 1200 ESG, and S&P Japan 500 ESG, designed to closely track their parent indices with similar risk and return ...Dec 16, 2022 · S&P Global is committed to providing transparency to the market through high-quality independent opinions on sustainability. Safeguarding the quality, independence and integrity of S&P Global’s ESG Scores, including by identifying and managing potential conflicts of interest, is embedded in its culture and at the core of everything S&P Global ... A record number of 1,728 DJSI eligible companies actively participated, an increase of 9% over last year in this group. Of all invited companies, 2,480 have already submitted, representing over 48% of global market capitalization, relative to the S&P Global Broad Market Index (BMI), up from 45% in 2021. The assessment is still ongoing until end ...The Sustainability Yearbook 2022 considered over 7,500 companies assessed in the 2021 Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). This page provides the ranking of the 700+ companies selected for this year’s Yearbook based on their S&P Global ESG Scores calculated from the CSA. Learn more about the Yearbook Methodology. DISTINCTION COMPANY NAMEAug 25, 2023 · The Dow Jones Sustainability™ Australia Index is composed of sustainability leaders as identified by S&P Global through the Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). The index represents the top 30% of companies in the S&P/ASX 200 based on long-term economic, environmental, and social criteria. Sep 24, 2020 · While these new indices are straightforward in their approach to sustainable investing, the outcome of applying such screens has proven positive from both an investment returns perspective—all three of the S&P Sustainability Screened Indices have historically outperformed their respective benchmarks (see Exhibit 3)—as well as delivered on ... The S&P 500 ESG Index is a broad-based, market-cap-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of securities meeting sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as the S&P 500. Documents Factsheet Methodology Additional Info Index Classification ESG Core ESG S&P ESG News & Announcements SEE ALLThe first Corporate Sustainability Assessment is sent to 2,000 companies. It is paper-based and all materials and evidence are returned as hard copies! Dow Jones Indexes (now S&P Dow Jones Indices); SAM jointly launch the world’s first ever global sustainability benchmark, the Dow Jones Sustainability™ World Index (DJSI World).Core ESG. Our core ESG indices include best-in-class indices such as the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), which target the top 10% of ESG performers, as well as broader market indices such as the S&P 500 ESG Index, which target the top 75% of the float market capitalization of each GICS ® industry group within their parent indices by S ...Adani Enterprises was added to the Dow Jones Sustainability Emerging Markets Index as of Dec. 19, 2022, according to a list of components on S&P Global's website. Stock Chart Icon Stock chart iconCorinne and Mike delve into the five of the hottest ESG-related topics set to permeate 2021, sourced from S&P Global Ratings' sustainable finance team around the globe. As the pandemic persists, questions about equitable vaccine distribution continue to highlight the social divide and show that the fight for equality is far from over. The S&P 500 ESG Index addresses the need for an index that incorporates ESG values while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as the S&P 500.Intentionally broad—including over 300 of the original S&P 500 companies—the S&P 500 ESG Index seeks to reflect many of the attributes of the S&P 500 itself, while providing an improved sustainability profile as a result of an updated ...บทความฉบับนี้ขอยกตัวอย่าง Sustainability Index ในต่างประเทศ โดยแยกเป็น 2 กลุ่ม คือ กลุ่มที่ 1 ผู้จัดทำาดัชนีชั้นนำา (Index Provider)จำานวน 4 แห่ง ...Corinne and Mike delve into the five of the hottest ESG-related topics set to permeate 2021, sourced from S&P Global Ratings' sustainable finance team around the globe. As the pandemic persists, questions about equitable vaccine distribution continue to highlight the social divide and show that the fight for equality is far from over. The nation is the third-largest consumer of energy globally, according to data from S&P Global Commodity Insights. Total primary energy demand more than doubled from 2000 to 2020, surging to 937 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) from 417 Mtoe. Still, India’s energy consumption per capita is less than 1/10th of the US’s.The first Corporate Sustainability Assessment is sent to 2,000 companies. It is paper-based and all materials and evidence are returned as hard copies! Dow Jones Indexes (now S&P Dow Jones Indices); SAM jointly launch the world’s first ever global sustainability benchmark, the Dow Jones Sustainability™ World Index (DJSI World). The Dow Jones Sustainability Index is a publicly acclaimed index that measures the sustainability performance of 500 of the largest companies in 20 different countries. The DJSI only lists the top 10% most sustainable companies on their list, so there are a little under 50 ‘most sustainable’ companies worldwide currently listed by the DJSI. In the just-completed 2020 research, examining 2019 reporting activities, G&A determined that 90% -- 9-of-10 companies in the S&P 500 were publishing a sustainability report. The 2020 research ...Thematic Sustainability Indices. Our thematic sustainability indices focus on a range of themes, from clean energy and natural resources to infrastructure and green real estate. Innovations in the way we construct indices, including advanced machine learning techniques, allow us to identify and track the megatrends reshaping our future. S&P Global, provides the data that powers the globally recognized Dow Jones Sustainability Indices, S&P 500 ESG Index, and others in the S&P ESG Index Series. Each year, S&P Global conducts the Corporate Sustainability Assessment, an ESG analysis of over 7,300 companies. INTRODUCTION. The year 1999 gave the world the euro, The Matrix, and the world’s first ever global sustainability benchmark—the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). The product of a landmark collaboration between S&P Dow Jones Indices and SAM (now RobecoSAM), the DJSI pioneered sustainable indexing and has shaped corporate sustainability ...The Dow Jones Sustainability Index is a publicly acclaimed index that measures the sustainability performance of 500 of the largest companies in 20 different countries. The DJSI only lists the top 10% most sustainable companies on their list, so there are a little under 50 ‘most sustainable’ companies worldwide currently listed by the DJSI.Download now. While the assessment portal will open its doors on Tuesday 5 April for companies eligible for inclusion in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), S&P Global has already announced the forthcoming methodology changes for the 2022 CSA during a webcast on 15 March. Finch & Beak has summarized the announced changes in this article.The largest global resource for essential index-based market concepts, data, and research, it is a major investor resource to measure and trade the markets. S&P Dow Jones Indices has been a pioneer in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indexing for over 20 years, starting with the 1999 launch of the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index ...sustainability indices, the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), for your internal processes and external communication. The CSA has become a reference tool for companies to gauge the financial materiality of their sustainability performance from an investor perspective and to prepare themselves to address upcoming sustainability trends.The 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) provides a data-driven summary of the state of sustainability around the world. Using 40 performance indicators across 11 issue categories, the EPI ranks 180 countries on climate change performance, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality. These indicators provide a gauge at a national scale ... Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI). The CSA has become a reference tool for companies to gauge the financial materiality of their sustainability performance from an investor perspective and to prepare themselves to address upcoming sustainability trends. With 62 industry-specific questionnaires, the CSA leads

The index family is based on S&P DJI ESG Scores, based on the results of the annual S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). The index family includes broad market indices like the S&P 500 ESG, S&P Europe 350 ESG, S&P Global 1200 ESG, and S&P Japan 500 ESG, designed to closely track their parent indices with similar risk and return ... . Crane aerospace and electronics

sandp sustainability index

Follow the ESG Leaders. The S&P 500® ESG Leaders Index is constructed using securities from the S&P 500 ESG Index that meet stricter sustainability criteria, while maintaining similar overall industry group weights as the S&P 500.1 The S&P 500 ESG Leaders Index takes its underlying index up a notch by applying additional exclusionary screenings based on business activities such…The index family is based on S&P DJI ESG Scores, based on the results of the annual S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment (CSA). The index family includes broad market indices like the S&P 500 ESG, S&P Europe 350 ESG, S&P Global 1200 ESG, and S&P Japan 500 ESG, designed to closely track their parent indices with similar risk and return ... SUSTAINABILITY INDICES Pause S&P Global Sustainable1 matches customers with the sustainability products, insights and solutions from across S&P Global’s divisions to help meet their unique needs.Jul 6, 2022 · Dow Jones Sustainability World Index: A global index consisting of the top 10% of the largest stocks in the Dow Jones Global Indexes (which cover more than 2,500 companies) in terms of their ... Key takeaways from G&A’s research include: 81% of Russell 1000 companies published a sustainability report in 2021, an impressive increase from 70% in 2020. The smallest half by market cap of ...The AIChE Sustainability Index was developed by engineering and scientific experts for both engineering and scientific experts and enterprise managers. Unlike other indices, the AIChE Sustainability Index benchmarks well-defined performance metrics and indicators, including EH&S performance, innovation, and societal measures. Key findings of G&A’s 2021 Sustainability Reporting in Focus report, focusing on the 2020 publication year, include: 92% of the S&P 500 companies published a sustainability report in 2020, up ...The Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI), the leading benchmarks for corporate sustainability, are powered by the S&P Global ESG Scores. S&P Dow Jones Indices, which calculates the DJSI, uses the S&P Global ESG Scores to identify the companies with the best ESG profiles, industry by industry, to construct these “best in class” indices.S&P Global, provides the data that powers the globally recognized Dow Jones Sustainability Indices, S&P 500 ESG Index, and others in the S&P ESG Index Series. Each year, S&P Global conducts the Corporate Sustainability Assessment, an ESG analysis of over 7,300 companies. Key takeaways from G&A’s research include: 81% of Russell 1000 companies published a sustainability report in 2021, an impressive increase from 70% in 2020. The smallest half by market cap of ...Dow Jones Sustainability North America Index: A stock index that captures the top 20% of the largest 600 companies in the Dow Jones Global Index that are based in North America. Companies are ...The ESG risk of Schwab® S&P 500 Index Fund's holdings is comparable to its peers in the US Equity Large Cap Blend category, thus earning an average Morningstar Sustainability Rating of 3 globes ...Jun 29, 2022 · Dow Jones Sustainability North America Index: A stock index that captures the top 20% of the largest 600 companies in the Dow Jones Global Index that are based in North America. Companies are ... .

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