Does gold - Water not only moves gold by erosion, but it actually helped form the gold veins that originally formed many millions of years ago. Underground sources of hot water and pressure combined to melt gold and sulfur, which are often found together, and push them towards the surface. When the waters cooled, the gold filled the natural cracks in the ...

 
The native elements contain the most gold, followed by the sulfide minerals. Several gold tellurides are known, but no gold selenides have been reported, and only one sulfide, the telluride-sulfide mineral nagyagite, ii:; known. The nonmetallic minerals carry the least gold, and the light-colored minerals generally contain less gold. Tui flights check in

Chiaradia observed that less than 1% of the gold is captured in the ores in the deep copper-rich deposits. On the other hand, in deposits located at a depth of up to 3 km, the rate climbs to 5% ...The metal corrosion rate through pores in the gold is often accelerated relative to the rate in the absence of a gold layer. This is a galvanic effect caused by the noble (cathodic) gold layer in contact with an active (anodic) substrate. Two common substrate metals are copper (Cu) and silver (Ag). Under atmospheric conditions, copper and ...Play together with Gold starting at $9.99/month. Subscription continues automatically at regular price unless cancelled through your Microsoft Account. See terms*. Xbox Live Gold becomes Xbox Game Pass Core on September 14, 2023. Sign up for Live Gold now and you’ll have access to Game Pass Core as soon as it arrives.There are many opportunities to invest in gold, including bullion (i.e., gold bars), mutual funds, futures, mining companies, and jewelry. With few exceptions, only bullion, futures, and a handful ...Aug 18, 2023 · August 18, 2023 / 12:11 PM / CBS News Don't pass up a good opportunity to add value to your portfolio. Caspar Benson/Getty Images It can be tough for investors to navigate uncertain economic... Rocks Known For Containing Gold. 1. Quartz. Quartz is classically aligned with gold. The majority of hard rock deposits found appear to occur in quartz, and gold-in-quartz has even taken on a life of its own. The gold that appears in quartz is almost universally native, meaning that it’s in a metallic form contained in the crystalline quartz.Quartz. •••. Gold is most often found in quartz rock. When quartz is found in gold bearings areas, it is possible that gold will be found as well. Quartz may be found as small stones in river beds or in large seams in hillsides. The white color of quartz makes it easy to spot in many environments.With gold futures, you commit to buy or sell gold in the future at a specified price. Under a gold options contract, you have an agreement with the option to buy or sell gold if it reaches a ...Does wearing gold affect males? Results: Out of the 77 retrieved articles, 14 studies that examined the effect of gold on the male reproductive system were included. Most of the findings suggested that the amount of gold in the seminal fluid and sperm might affect the male reproductive system.Toronto food writer Corey Mintz finds the gold-eating trend an act of inexcusable opulence. “Eating gold is the absolute height of tastelessness,” Mintz says. “If you find yourself eating ...The number of karats represents the ratio of gold to other metals in an alloy. Pure gold is 24K gold, so one karat is one part of 24. This means that 18K gold is 18 parts pure gold and 6 parts other metals. And therefore, it is 75% gold and 25% other metals. This sounds simple enough, but it can get pretty confusing when different countries ...Gold in its natural mineral form almost always has traces of silver, and may also contain traces of copper and iron. A Gold nugget is usually 70 to 95 percent gold, and the remainder mostly silver. The color of pure Gold is bright golden yellow, but the greater the silver content, the whiter its color is. Much of the gold mined is actually from ...585 —This means that the gold is 58.5% pure, or 14K. Good, strong gold but with more gold than 10K. 750 —This means that the gold is 75.0% pure, or 18K. Much more pure than 14K, still has good strength with a wonderful balance in purity. 916 —This means that the gold is 91.6% pure, or 22K.Well, how long it lasts or the gold vermeil jewelry’s durability depends on the thickness of the plated gold layer. What this means is that gold is the main element or component that determines how many years you will wear the gold vermeil jewelry for. As a general rule, the thicker that layer of gold is, the more durable the piece of jewelry.But the gold there is so diluted, it is presently infeasible to collect it from water profitably. Amazingly, gold is even found in humans, who have about 0.2 milligrams of gold—a tiny quantity. The most conventional location where gold is harvested is the Earth’s crust. Often gold is found here in deposits known as “lodes.”.Gold does tarnish and scratch over time. To preserve the luster of your gold jewelry, avoid exposure to household bleach and other cleaning products, which will quickly cause gold to discolor and possibly disintegrate. We recommend that you store your gold jewelry in a safe place when engaging in these activities:What Does Gold Corrosion Mean? Gold corrosion is the deterioration of gold as a result of a chemical reaction between gold and another substance. Gold corrosion is very difficult to induce because gold does not react easily with other substances - including oxygen - which makes gold corrosion very rare. Advertisement.The number of karats represents the ratio of gold to other metals in an alloy. Pure gold is 24K gold, so one karat is one part of 24. This means that 18K gold is 18 parts pure gold and 6 parts other metals. And therefore, it is 75% gold and 25% other metals. This sounds simple enough, but it can get pretty confusing when different countries ...As an element, gold holds the title as being one of the elements that is least reactive. In it's pure form, gold does not rust or tarnish as it does not combine with oxygen easily. This is why pure gold stays as shiny as it does. When it comes to gold jewelry, it is very rare to find pure gold jewelry pieces.Water not only moves gold by erosion, but it actually helped form the gold veins that originally formed many millions of years ago. Underground sources of hot water and pressure combined to melt gold and sulfur, which are often found together, and push them towards the surface. When the waters cooled, the gold filled the natural cracks in the ...Gold can be colored by creating surface oxide layers. Because gold does not oxidize in its pure form, base metals have to be added to create blue, brown, and black gold. The "Hearts" collection, in blue gold, is by Ludwig Muller of Switzerland. Crosses of black gold may be colored in different ways, as shown above.Here are five frequently asked questions and what you should know before buying gold: 1. Why purchase gold or silver? In “stable” times, I believe that at least 10% of one’s portfolio should be...When you see Gold bars in film, it may provoke questions like, how much does a Gold bar weigh? Or, how much is a Gold bar worth? The answers vary depending on the weight, fineness and the spot price of Gold during the time of purchase. Our Gold bar selection includes: 1/2 gram Gold Bars; 1 gram Gold Bars; 2 gram Gold Bars; 2.5 gram Gold Bars; 1 ...How to Check if Gold Is Real: 5 Easy Methods. The Smell Test: Ideal for Small Gold Pieces. The Magnet Test: Use a Powerful Neodymium Magnet. The Lighter Test: Burning to Test Jewelry. The Density Test: Use Water to Test Density. The Ceramic Test: Unglazed Ceramic Tile.As the price of gold goes up, miners' higher profit margins can boost earnings exponentially. Suppose a mining company has a profit margin of $200 when the price of gold is $1,000. If the price ...Perform a simple test of the material in the pan to assess whether it is real gold. Raw gold appears brassy yellow and bright. If you think it is gold, place your hand between it and the sun to create shade over the gold. If it still appears bright in the pan, chances are that it is real gold. Fool's gold does not appear as bright when shaded.According to Statista data, gold returned an average of 7.78% per year since 1971. Physical gold storage and insurance fees for small investors are usually higher than 0.4% per year. Therefore ...Gold Prices Today - Live Chart. Dow to Silver Ratio. Gold Prices - 100 Year Historical Chart. Gold Prices vs Oil Prices. Gold Prices and U.S Dollar Correlation. Gold Price - Last 10 Years. Dow to Gold Ratio. Gold to Oil Ratio. S&P 500 to Gold Ratio.Properly store your gold plated jewelry to prevent it from excessive exposure to light, moisture, and other substances. Put them in a plastic bag or a dark jewelry box with silica packets to absorb any air and moisture present. When storing it in a plastic bag, make sure you squeeze out all the excess air and seal it immediately.Play together with Gold starting at $9.99/month. Subscription continues automatically at regular price unless cancelled through your Microsoft Account. See terms*. Xbox Live Gold becomes Xbox Game Pass Core on September 14, 2023. Sign up for Live Gold now and you’ll have access to Game Pass Core as soon as it arrives.Gold can be colored by creating surface oxide layers. Because gold does not oxidize in its pure form, base metals have to be added to create blue, brown, and black gold. The "Hearts" collection, in blue gold, is by Ludwig Muller of Switzerland. Crosses of black gold may be colored in different ways, as shown above.Gold’s value is a social construct, meaning its worth is all based on what value society places on it. Gold is valuable, because we all agree it should be and historically it always has been and in assumption always will be. Even with its lack of practical uses beyond the aesthetic, gold has been a valuable for centuries dating back to 550 B.C.Since gold does not tarnish or corrode quickly, it works as a great electrical conductor. As a result, many technology manufacturers use gold in their devices. You will find gold in your computer, global positioning system, smartphone, and television. For example, each cellphone contains almost $2 worth of gold. Gold is Extremely MalleableGold plating is a process where a thin layer of gold is bonded onto a base metal. Plating is quite common in the jewelry world, with gold and rhodium being two popular types. This process was invented by an Italian chemist, Luigi Brugnatelli in 1805, the first person to plate a thin coat of gold onto silver.Sep 5, 2023 · Gold price quotes in ounce, gram, kilo, pennyweight, tola and tael in US Dollars. Gold charts, Gold fixes, Gold performance and ratios. Gold price guide. Gold, the most sought-after metal on Earth, has a fascinating origin story that begins in the stars and is reflected in every bit of shiny jewelry or coins. From its formation through nuclear ...Sep 10, 2020 · Articles Is Gold Magnetic? Gold Properties and Physics September 10, 2020 Are you interested in finding a bunch of gold in 2020 and beyond? Well, if you are about to start hunting after one of humanity’s most sought after metals, you will want to review the basics about the physical characteristics of gold. 4. Scratch the gold on a touchstone to test its purity. If you think you might have real gold, rub it along the touchstone to create a streak of gold flakes. Add a drop of 12K, 14K, 18K, and 22K nitric acid to different parts of the streak. Check back after 20 to 40 seconds.Gold Comes From Outer Space. Gold, the shiny yellow metal prized for its beauty and malleability and used in many different industries, is actually created inside massive stars when they explode into a supernova. Of course, after a star supernovas and forms gold, the precious metal has to travel to Earth in some way.Here's the problem: Gold is an element, which means you can't make it through ordinary chemical reactions — though alchemists tried for centuries. To make the sparkly metal, you have to bind 79 ...Gold futures vs. forwards. Trades equivalent of 27 million ounces/day - 30x SPDR Gold ETF at 0.8 million ounces/day. With GC futures, pay no management fees vs. an ETF that charges a fee on your position every day it’s held. Nearly 24-hour access enables you to act, not wait, as major events (Brexit, U.S. elections) unfold.Gold: The Most Useful Metal. Of all the minerals mined from the Earth, none is more useful than gold.Its usefulness is derived from a diversity of special properties. Gold conducts electricity, does not tarnish, is very easy to work, can be drawn into wire, can be hammered into thin sheets, alloys with many other metals, can be melted and cast into highly detailed shapes, and has a wonderful ...Gold Comes From Outer Space. Gold, the shiny yellow metal prized for its beauty and malleability and used in many different industries, is actually created inside massive stars when they explode into a supernova. Of course, after a star supernovas and forms gold, the precious metal has to travel to Earth in some way.Gold Comes From Outer Space. Gold, the shiny yellow metal prized for its beauty and malleability and used in many different industries, is actually created inside massive stars when they explode into a supernova. Of course, after a star supernovas and forms gold, the precious metal has to travel to Earth in some way.Here are five frequently asked questions and what you should know before buying gold: 1. Why purchase gold or silver? In “stable” times, I believe that at least 10% of one’s portfolio should be...Updated on May 06, 2019 Gold is a chemical element easily recognized by its yellow metallic color. It is valuable because of its rarity, resistance to corrosion, electrical conductivity, malleability, ductility, and beauty.Gold Comes From Outer Space. Gold, the shiny yellow metal prized for its beauty and malleability and used in many different industries, is actually created inside massive stars when they explode into a supernova. Of course, after a star supernovas and forms gold, the precious metal has to travel to Earth in some way.Currently, Australia is the third biggest gold-digger… we mean, gold producer in the world, sailing out about $5 billion worth of the yellow treasure every year! Gold has a positive correlation with AUD/USD. When gold goes up, AUD/USD tends to go up. When gold goes down, AUD/USD tends to go down. Historically, AUD/USD has had a whopping 80% ...Aug 3. Sep 5. Sep $1,940 USD $1,950 USD $1,960 USD $1,970 USD $1,930 USD 1m 3m 6m YTD 1y All Aug 29, 2023 → Sep 5, 2023 Gold Gold to Silver Ratio High: 82 Low: 80.67 0.73 0.9% 24H 24H 3D 1W 1M 3M YTD 1Y 5YThe two main differences are their composition and price. White gold consists more of a mixture of durable metals like nickel, zinc, and copper. Platinum is naturally white and less malleable with 95-98% platinum composition. Since more platinum is needed to make a ring, the price tends to be 40-50% more than white gold.To learn about our gold price data. On this page you can view the current price of gold per ounce, gram or kilo. Gold is usually quoted by the ounce in U.S. Dollars. The gold price can, however, be quoted in any currency by the ounce, gram or kilo. Edible gold leaf is a gold product that can be used to decorate food. Gold is considered "biologically inert," meaning it passes through the digestive tract without being absorbed. It is mostly used in desserts and candy making and is available in sheets and as flakes. It is one of the world's priciest foods, but considering it is real gold ...The two main differences are their composition and price. White gold consists more of a mixture of durable metals like nickel, zinc, and copper. Platinum is naturally white and less malleable with 95-98% platinum composition. Since more platinum is needed to make a ring, the price tends to be 40-50% more than white gold.How to Check if Gold Is Real: 5 Easy Methods. The Smell Test: Ideal for Small Gold Pieces. The Magnet Test: Use a Powerful Neodymium Magnet. The Lighter Test: Burning to Test Jewelry. The Density Test: Use Water to Test Density. The Ceramic Test: Unglazed Ceramic Tile.But the gold there is so diluted, it is presently infeasible to collect it from water profitably. Amazingly, gold is even found in humans, who have about 0.2 milligrams of gold—a tiny quantity. The most conventional location where gold is harvested is the Earth’s crust. Often gold is found here in deposits known as “lodes.”.Invest in Gold by Purchasing Stock in Gold Miners. Investing in the stock of companies that mine, refine and trade gold is a much more straightforward proposition than buying physical gold. Since ...The metal corrosion rate through pores in the gold is often accelerated relative to the rate in the absence of a gold layer. This is a galvanic effect caused by the noble (cathodic) gold layer in contact with an active (anodic) substrate. Two common substrate metals are copper (Cu) and silver (Ag). Under atmospheric conditions, copper and ...Gold has been used as money for exchange, as a store of value, as valuable jewelry, and as other artifacts. Gold’s value is ultimately a social construction; we all agree it always has been ...Inflation Hedge. Gold has historically been an excellent hedge against inflation, because its price tends to rise when the cost of living increases. Over the past 50 years, investors have seen ...When evaluating the performance of gold as an investment over the long term, it really depends on the time period being analyzed. For example, over certain 30-year periods, stocks have ...Free Gold Price Widget For Your Website. Share live gold prices with your website followers or on your blog, using our free gold price widget. To get started, please select one of the size dimensions from the drop-down menu below, and copy the code from the Widget Code text box and paste it into the desired position in your page.Well, how long it lasts or the gold vermeil jewelry’s durability depends on the thickness of the plated gold layer. What this means is that gold is the main element or component that determines how many years you will wear the gold vermeil jewelry for. As a general rule, the thicker that layer of gold is, the more durable the piece of jewelry.Gold Prices Today - Live Chart. Dow to Silver Ratio. Gold Prices - 100 Year Historical Chart. Gold Prices vs Oil Prices. Gold Prices and U.S Dollar Correlation. Gold Price - Last 10 Years. Dow to Gold Ratio. Gold to Oil Ratio. S&P 500 to Gold Ratio.Gold, and other elements heavier than iron, are formed just before stars explode into supernovae. (Image credit: Getty Images) Gold represents a tiny fraction of the elements in the known universe.You should check if the gold piece has the letters GP, GF or GEP stamped on the gold. If it does, the gold might not be real. GP stands for gold-plated, GF stands for gold-filled, and GEP stands for Gold Electroplated. While the gold-plating may be real gold, the gold composition is not enough for the product to be considered a gold product. 3.Properly store your gold plated jewelry to prevent it from excessive exposure to light, moisture, and other substances. Put them in a plastic bag or a dark jewelry box with silica packets to absorb any air and moisture present. When storing it in a plastic bag, make sure you squeeze out all the excess air and seal it immediately.All of the gold formed in the stars sank to the Earth’s core. Eventually, asteroids struck the Earth, causing gold to surface to the mantle and crust. Had this not happened, there wouldn’t be any gold readily available for humans. You can find gold today in rock ores and on almost all the continents. Since gold is dense, the majority of it ...Rocks Known For Containing Gold. 1. Quartz. Quartz is classically aligned with gold. The majority of hard rock deposits found appear to occur in quartz, and gold-in-quartz has even taken on a life of its own. The gold that appears in quartz is almost universally native, meaning that it’s in a metallic form contained in the crystalline quartz.Free Gold Price Widget For Your Website. Share live gold prices with your website followers or on your blog, using our free gold price widget. To get started, please select one of the size dimensions from the drop-down menu below, and copy the code from the Widget Code text box and paste it into the desired position in your page.What Does Gold Corrosion Mean? Gold corrosion is the deterioration of gold as a result of a chemical reaction between gold and another substance. Gold corrosion is very difficult to induce because gold does not react easily with other substances - including oxygen - which makes gold corrosion very rare. Advertisement.Sep 10, 2020 · Articles Is Gold Magnetic? Gold Properties and Physics September 10, 2020 Are you interested in finding a bunch of gold in 2020 and beyond? Well, if you are about to start hunting after one of humanity’s most sought after metals, you will want to review the basics about the physical characteristics of gold. Gold futures vs. forwards. Trades equivalent of 27 million ounces/day - 30x SPDR Gold ETF at 0.8 million ounces/day. With GC futures, pay no management fees vs. an ETF that charges a fee on your position every day it’s held. Nearly 24-hour access enables you to act, not wait, as major events (Brexit, U.S. elections) unfold.Here's the problem: Gold is an element, which means you can't make it through ordinary chemical reactions — though alchemists tried for centuries. To make the sparkly metal, you have to bind 79 ...Gold does not yield any interest income; in fact, it costs money to hold the yellow metal, with storage and insurance being among the costs of holding gold.Is U.S. currency still backed by gold? Federal Reserve notes are not redeemable in gold, silver, or any other commodity. Federal Reserve notes have not been redeemable in gold since January 30, 1934, when the Congress amended Section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act to read: "The said [Federal Reserve] notes shall be obligations of the United States….They shall be redeemed in lawful money on ...How to Check if Gold Is Real: 5 Easy Methods. The Smell Test: Ideal for Small Gold Pieces. The Magnet Test: Use a Powerful Neodymium Magnet. The Lighter Test: Burning to Test Jewelry. The Density Test: Use Water to Test Density. The Ceramic Test: Unglazed Ceramic Tile.Invest in Gold by Purchasing Stock in Gold Miners. Investing in the stock of companies that mine, refine and trade gold is a much more straightforward proposition than buying physical gold. Since ...All of the gold formed in the stars sank to the Earth’s core. Eventually, asteroids struck the Earth, causing gold to surface to the mantle and crust. Had this not happened, there wouldn’t be any gold readily available for humans. You can find gold today in rock ores and on almost all the continents. Since gold is dense, the majority of it ...As the price of gold goes up, miners' higher profit margins can boost earnings exponentially. Suppose a mining company has a profit margin of $200 when the price of gold is $1,000. If the price ...Toronto food writer Corey Mintz finds the gold-eating trend an act of inexcusable opulence. “Eating gold is the absolute height of tastelessness,” Mintz says. “If you find yourself eating ...Gold can be colored by creating surface oxide layers. Because gold does not oxidize in its pure form, base metals have to be added to create blue, brown, and black gold. The "Hearts" collection, in blue gold, is by Ludwig Muller of Switzerland. Crosses of black gold may be colored in different ways, as shown above.Well, how long it lasts or the gold vermeil jewelry’s durability depends on the thickness of the plated gold layer. What this means is that gold is the main element or component that determines how many years you will wear the gold vermeil jewelry for. As a general rule, the thicker that layer of gold is, the more durable the piece of jewelry.Quartz. •••. Gold is most often found in quartz rock. When quartz is found in gold bearings areas, it is possible that gold will be found as well. Quartz may be found as small stones in river beds or in large seams in hillsides. The white color of quartz makes it easy to spot in many environments.

Perform a simple test of the material in the pan to assess whether it is real gold. Raw gold appears brassy yellow and bright. If you think it is gold, place your hand between it and the sun to create shade over the gold. If it still appears bright in the pan, chances are that it is real gold. Fool's gold does not appear as bright when shaded.. 3x

does gold

How does gold depreciate compared to stocks, fiat money, and other precious metals? Current figures show it doesn’t depreciate at all but rather outperforms other investments by a wide margin. Pricing data from 2000 to 2020 shows a nearly 531% gain in the price of gold.To learn about our gold price data. On this page you can view the current price of gold per ounce, gram or kilo. Gold is usually quoted by the ounce in U.S. Dollars. The gold price can, however, be quoted in any currency by the ounce, gram or kilo. Aug 3. Sep 5. Sep $1,940 USD $1,950 USD $1,960 USD $1,970 USD $1,930 USD 1m 3m 6m YTD 1y All Aug 29, 2023 → Sep 5, 2023 Gold Gold to Silver Ratio High: 82 Low: 80.67 0.73 0.9% 24H 24H 3D 1W 1M 3M YTD 1Y 5YUpdated on May 06, 2019 Gold is a chemical element easily recognized by its yellow metallic color. It is valuable because of its rarity, resistance to corrosion, electrical conductivity, malleability, ductility, and beauty.Gold plating is a process where a thin layer of gold is bonded onto a base metal. Plating is quite common in the jewelry world, with gold and rhodium being two popular types. This process was invented by an Italian chemist, Luigi Brugnatelli in 1805, the first person to plate a thin coat of gold onto silver.Historically speaking, gold tends to perform well directly after a recession. For example, after rising only 2.5% in 2008, the PPI for gold increased 12.8% in 2009 as the U.S. continued to deal ...Abstract. Gold is ubiquitous in the human environment and most people are in contact with it through wearing jewelry, dental devices, implants or therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Gold is not a nutrient but people are exposed to it as a food colorant and in food chains. The present review discusses the hazards faced in personal and domestic ...May 6, 2019 · Gold sank to the Earth's core during the planet's formation. It's only accessible today because of asteroid bombardment. Theoretically, it's possible to form gold by the nuclear processes of fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. It's easiest for scientists to transmute gold by bombarding the heavier element mercury and producing gold via decay. Abstract. Gold is ubiquitous in the human environment and most people are in contact with it through wearing jewelry, dental devices, implants or therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Gold is not a nutrient but people are exposed to it as a food colorant and in food chains. The present review discusses the hazards faced in personal and domestic ...Gold can be colored by creating surface oxide layers. Because gold does not oxidize in its pure form, base metals have to be added to create blue, brown, and black gold. The "Hearts" collection, in blue gold, is by Ludwig Muller of Switzerland. Crosses of black gold may be colored in different ways, as shown above.A Comparison of 10K, 14K, 18K and 24K Gold. Gold has been used for centuries and always had a deep meaning. Gold purity is expressed in karats. Pure gold, or 24K gold, is 100% pure. 10K gold, on the other hand, is only 41.7% pure. 14K gold, which is the most popular type of gold for jewelry, is 58.3% pure. Each purity level comes with its own ...To ascertain the investment merits of gold, let’s check its performance against that of the S&P 500 Index for the past year (January 2022 to January 2023), an example of a time when gold ...Sep 10, 2020 · Articles Is Gold Magnetic? Gold Properties and Physics September 10, 2020 Are you interested in finding a bunch of gold in 2020 and beyond? Well, if you are about to start hunting after one of humanity’s most sought after metals, you will want to review the basics about the physical characteristics of gold. How to Check if Gold Is Real: 5 Easy Methods. The Smell Test: Ideal for Small Gold Pieces. The Magnet Test: Use a Powerful Neodymium Magnet. The Lighter Test: Burning to Test Jewelry. The Density Test: Use Water to Test Density. The Ceramic Test: Unglazed Ceramic Tile.Gold – Periodic Table – Atomic Properties. Gold is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions. Gold is thought to have been produced in supernova nucleosynthesis, from ....

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